- In vitro placental perfusion
- In vitro placental cell culture (JEG3, HTR8, Bewo cell lines)
- In vitro placental tissue explant culture
- In vitro Matrigel invasion assay
- In vivo animal models of preeclampsia and IUGR
- Genome-wide microarray analysis
- Real-time PCR
- Immunohistochemistry
- H&E staining
- Vascular corrosion casting
- Micro-computed tomography of placental vasculature
- Western blot analysis
- Multiplex immunoarray
- ELISA